Common Questions
You may consider getting tested for COVID-19 if you:
• Have symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever, cough, tiredness,
or shortness of breath
• Don't have symptoms but had close contact (less than 6 feet distance for
15 minutes or more) with someone who has confirmed COVID-19
• Have taken part in activities that put you at higher risk for COVID-19
because you could not maintain a safe distance from other people
(eg, travel, attending large social or mass gatherings, or being in a crowded
indoor setting)
• Were advised to get tested by your healthcare provider or local or state
health department
Avoid crowds, especially within indoor spaces that have poor ventilation
• Contact your healthcare provider. Call before you visit their office!
• Keep track of your symptoms.
• If you have a mild illness, you may be able to recover at home. Get rest and
stay hydrated. Take over-the-counter medicines, such as acetaminophen,
to help reduce your fever. Get up, stretch, and breathe deeply as much as
you can.
• Seek emergency care if you have trouble breathing or any other
emergency warning signs.
• Seek help with meals, household chores, home repairs, personal care, or
transportation to your medical appointments and pharmacy.
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Key Background Information
2. Follow the recommended steps to prevent others from getting sick:
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COVID-19 in People With Pre-existing Medical Conditions
Wash your hands often
• Isolate at home. Stay home, unless you need to get medical care.
• Avoid contact with other people in your household and pets as much
as possible.
• If possible, stay in a separate room and use a separate bathroom.
• Wear a mask that covers your nose and mouth when you interact
with others.
• Cover your coughs and sneezes.
• Clean your hands and surfaces you touch.
• Don’t share personal household items.
• Do not visit public areas. Avoid public transportation, ride-sharing, or taxis.
• Tell people you have been in close contact with that they may have been
exposed to the COVID-19 virus. Someone from the health department may
also call you. Answer their call to help slow the spread of the virus!
An Interactive Patient Journey
Vaccines
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COMMON QUESTIONS
Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands
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Protection
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YOU ARE HERE
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Clean and disinfect surfaces and things you touch often
Severity
SUBMIT YOUR SURVEY ANSWERS
• Fever or chills
• Cough
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Fatigue
• Muscle or body aches
1. How satisfied are you with the information in this interactive patient journey?
When a virus spreads in a community, it makes copies of itself. Some of these new viruses have mistakes, or mutations, in their genetic material. A virus with 1 or more mutations is called a variant.
The Delta variant is the most common variant in the United States. This variant spreads much faster than other variants and now makes up over 99% of infections in the United States.
All approved or authorized vaccines are effective against the Delta variant and protect against severe illness, hospitalization, and death.
• Headache
• New loss of taste or smell
• Sore throat
• Congestion or runny nose
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea
Stay at least 6 feet away from people who do not live with you
The COVID-19 virus spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets that travel into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, shouts, or sings. These respiratory droplets are then inhaled or land in the noses or mouths of people who are at a distance of 6 feet or less from the infected person.
Let Us Know What You Think!
COVID-19 can affect many organs, including the lungs, heart, and brain.
Diagnostic tests tell you if you currently have the COVID-19 virus and should then take steps to isolate yourself from others. Diagnostic tests cannot tell you if you were infected with the virus in the past.
There are two types of diagnostic tests:
Limit in-person contact with others, particularly when indoors
Treatment
3. What should I do if I test negative?
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REF
CLICK EACH BUTTON BELOW TO LEARN MORE
Variants
How long can an infected person spread the virus?
Click arrow to continue to more information about vaccines
On its surface, the COVID-19 virus has a protein called the spike (S) protein.
Antiviral therapies block proteins that the coronavirus needs to copy itself.
• Paxlovid is an investigational antiviral therapy that can
reduce the risk of severe COVID-19, hospitalization, and death.
This medication is a pill that may be used by nonhospitalized
adult patients within a few days of the start of symptoms.
• Molnupiravir is another investigational antiviral therapy that
reduces the risk of hospitalization or death from COVID-19 in
patients with mild or moderate COVID-19.
Testing
The severity of COVID-19 ranges widely, from very mild or no symptoms to a severe or critical illness. A patient with severe COVID-19 may need hospitalization, intensive care, a ventilator to help them breathe, or may even die.
The risk for severe COVID-19 increases with age and certain pre-existing medical conditions. However, anyone can have severe COVID-19, and everyone with COVID-19 can spread the virus to other people.
Symptoms
CLICK TO CLOSE REFERENCES
• Trouble breathing
• Persistent pain or pressure in the chest
• New confusion
• Inability to wake or stay awake
• Pale, gray, or blue colored skin, lips, or nail beds, depending on skin tone
References
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapeutic-management/
Treatment
4. How long do I need to isolate after testing positive for COVID-19?
4. What should I do if I test positive?
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html#Testing
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/testing/diagnostic-testing.html
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/covid-19-diagnostic-test/about/pac-20488900
https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/coronavirus-disease-2019-testing-basics
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/resources/antigen-tests-guidelines.html#:~:text=Antigen%20tests%20are%20immunoassays%20that,extraction%20buffer%20or%20reagent
https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/treatments-for-covid-19
References
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20479963
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
1. When should I get tested for COVID-19?
mRNA Vaccines
The genetic material from the vaccine does not integrate into your genetic code or change your genes. After the instructions are read, the cell breaks down the genetic material and gets rid of it.
2. What should I do while I am waiting for the test results?
1. Am I at high risk for getting severe COVID-19? EndFragment
HELP
If you have tested positive for COVID-19, you may be eligible to receive treatment that helps you recover faster and reduces your risk of being hospitalized. Better results are seen with early treatment so speak with your healthcare provider as soon as you experience symptoms. Treatments are also available for hospitalized patients with serious illness. Click on the icons below to learn more about your treatment options.
Yes! Available COVID-19 vaccines were tested in large clinical trials to make sure they met high safety and efficacy standards. Thousands of people volunteered to participate in these trials.
There are 3 COVID-19 vaccines available in the United States:
Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson/Janssen. The
Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was approved by the FDA for individuals aged 16 and older and authorized for children and adolescents aged 5 — 15 years.
This vaccine must be given as 2 doses received 21 days apart for full protection. Two additional vaccines are authorized for emergency use in individuals aged 18 and older. Two doses of the Moderna vaccine must be received 28 days apart for full protection. Only a single dose of the Johnson & Johnson/Janssen vaccine is required. A third dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines are available for some immunocompromised individuals. Booster shots are available for all individuals 18 years and older.
Most people do not develop any serious adverse effects after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. The most common adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines are pain at the injection site, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, and fever.
• These reactions usually resolve in a few days after vaccination.
• They are more likely to develop after the second dose than the first one.
• They are also more likely to develop in younger than older people.
You shouldn’t get a COVID-19 vaccine if you have a history of a severe allergic reaction to polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.
If you had an allergic reaction to another vaccine or injectable medication in the past, ask your healthcare provider if you should get a COVID-19 vaccine. If you had an allergic reaction after getting the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, you should not get a second dose.
Practice everyday preventive actions to slow the spread of the virus:
• Wear a mask that covers your nose and
mouth when you interact with others
• Stay at least 6 feet away from people
who do not live with you
A-Z
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/mrna.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/8-things.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/how-they-work.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fvaccines%2Fabout-vaccines%2Fhow-they-work.html
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-takes-key-action-fight-against-covid-19-issuing-emergency-use-authorization-firs
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/Pfizer-BioNTech.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/Moderna.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/janssen.html
https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/how-do-vaccines-work?gclid=Cj0KCQjwtrSLBhCLARIsACh6RmgSH9NjiC8OojUbo4TBrxkCsDZJASBapMyVz4u1pmCcssKMopmf_ogaAvS0EALw_wcB
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/booster-shot.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/variant.html
https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/booster-shot.html
CLICK TO CLOSE GLOSSARY
Testing
00 mins 31 secs
Consult with your healthcare provider to decide if testing is needed before you can be around others.
If you are generally healthy and had mild-to-moderate COVID-19, you may be able to be around others when:
• 10 days have passed since your symptoms first appeared and
• You’ve had 24 hours with no fever (without the use of fever-reducing
medications) and
• Your other symptoms of COVID-19 are improving (please note that loss of
taste and smell may persist for weeks or months after recovery and should
not delay the end of isolation)
Patients with severe COVID-19 might need to isolate at home up to 20 days after symptoms first appeared.
Patients with a very weak immune system may need testing to determine when they can be around others.
Treatment
by disease
severity
Click arrow to continue to more information about Treatment s for hospitalized patients
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cloth-face-cover-guidance.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html
https://combatcovid.hhs.gov/ive-never-had-covid-19
https://health.ucdavis.edu/coronavirus/covid-19-transmission/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/flu-vs-covid19.htm#:~:text=Typically%2C%20a%20person%20develops,time%20range%20can%20vary.
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/contact-tracing.html
Learn more about how monoclonal antibodies work with this augmented reality animation.
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause illnesses, such as the common cold and other more serious respiratory diseases. In 2019, a novel (new) coronavirus was identified. This new coronovirus is officially called SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). The disease this new virus causes is called COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019).
Click arrow to continue to more information about Treatment by disease severity
Click arrow to continue to more information about Monoclonal antibodies
Disclaimer: Information on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving.
For the latest public health information, please contact your healthcare provider or visit the CDC website.
Depending on your specific situation, your healthcare provider will advise you on the best approach for your treatment.
Supplemental oxygen can help patients breathe. For the most severe cases, a ventilator may be necessary.
The antiviral drug remdesivir can be helpful for hospitalized patients who need supplemental oxygen.
The anti-inflammatory drugs dexamethasone, baricitinib, or tocilizumab may be helpful for hospitalized patients who need supplemental oxygen, including those who need a ventilator to breathe.
Convalescent plasma therapy may be helpful early in the course of illness for hospitalized patients who do not require mechanical ventilation.
If other complications of COVID-19 arise, additional treatments might be used, such as blood thinners to prevent or treat blood clots.
Bamlanivimab
&
Casirivimab plus
Imdevimab
&
Bamlanivimab
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fneed-extra-precautions%2Fgroups-at-higher-risk.html
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-long-term-effects/art-20490351
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html
Symptoms
CLICK PLAY TO HEAR FROM A PATIENT’S EXPERIENCE WITH COVID-19
Spreading the
Coronavirus
Antibody tests tell you if you were exposed to the COVID-19 virus in the past. Antibody tests cannot tell you if you currently have the virus.
If someone who has or may have COVID-19 is showing any of
the following signs, they should seek emergency medical
care immediately:
• Trouble breathing
• Persistent pain or pressure in the chest
• New confusion
• Inability to wake or stay awake
• Bluish lips or face
This list of emergency symptoms is not comprehensive! Seek emergency medical attention for any other symptoms that are severe or concerning to you.
When you call 911 or your local emergency facility, let them know that you are seeking care for someone who has or may have COVID-19.
Sharing the Caring: Recognizing irAEs
The FDA has issued emergency use authorizations for several monoclonal antibody therapies for COVID-19:
• Casirivimab plus imdevimab
• Bamlanivimab plus etesevimab
• Sotrovimab
Antibody therapies are given to patients whose illness does not require hospitalization yet but may progress and become severe.
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/flu-vs-covid19.htm#:~:text=Typically%2C%20a%20person%20develops,time%20range%20can%20vary.
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html#anchor_1606159675413
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-long-term-effects/art-20490351
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20479963
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
These antibodies are given outside the hospital by an IV infusion or a subcutaneous injection into the skin.
Contact your healthcare provider to discuss the best treatment strategy for you.
If you have mild illness, you may be able to recover at home:
• Get rest and stay hydrated.
• Take over-the-counter medicines, such as acetaminophen, to help reduce
your fever.
• Get up, stretch, and breathe deeply as much as you can.
• Take vitamin D if it is recommended.
Receiving monoclonal antibody therapy (casirivimab plus imdevimab, bamlanivimab plus etesevimab, or sotrovimab) can be helpful for people with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk for developing severe illness (those older than 65 years or have certain pre-existing medical conditions).
Antibody therapies require a drug order (similar to a prescription) from a healthcare provider for eligible patients. The National Infusion Center Association (NICA) COVID-19 Locator Tool can help patients identify sites of care administering COVID-19 antibody therapies.
Monoclonal antibodies need to be administered as soon as possible and within 10 days of the start of symptoms. See your healthcare provider as soon as possible to see if you are eligible for monoclonal antibody therapy.
Antibody therapies should be given as soon as possible after testing positive for the virus and within 10 days of symptom onset.
Get tested for COVID-19 when necessary and know what to do with the results
Use technology (eg, laptop, mobile devices) to stay connected with friends and family
Learn ways in which to cope with COVID-19 if you become sick
Treatments for nonhospitalized patients
Avoid watching too many news stories
3. Are the COVID-19 vaccines safe and effective?
These antibodies are used to treat patients who have mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and are at high risk for severe illness (those older than 65 years or with certain pre-existing medical conditions).
Antibody therapies require a drug order (similar to a prescription) from a healthcare provider for eligible patients. The National Infusion Center Association (NICA) COVID-19 Locator Tool can help patients identify sites of care administering COVID-19 antibody therapies.
4. What should I do to avoid getting sick with other illnesses
during the COVID-19 pandemic?
5. How can I cope with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Mild to moderate
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Consider outdoor activities where a distance from other people can be maintained, like walks in the neighborhood
Treatment inside the hospital
CLICK PLAY TO HEAR FROM A PATIENT’S EXPERIENCE WITH COVID-19
References
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/adjunctive-therapy/vitamin-d/
https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/should-you-take-a-vitamin-d-supplement-during-the-covid-19-coronavirus-pandemic.h00-159385890.html
https://www.fda.gov/media/145611/download
https://www.fda.gov/media/145802/download
00 mins 53 secs
CLICK EACH QUESTION TO VIEW ANSWERS
Protect yourself from getting sick with COVID-19 during the pandemic
Protecting Yourself After Exposure
Convalescent plasma therapy
This web tool is best viewed on Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox. Free software downloads are available:
Progress will be lost if this educational module is closed, please do not close the module until it is completed.
Treatments for hospitalized patients
1. Get vaccinated (if possible).
2. Practice everyday preventive actions to slow the spread of the virus:
For the most updated information on testing availability in your local area, please contact your healthcare provider or visit your local or state health department websites.
Antibodies can take several days or weeks to develop after infection and may stay in your blood for a long time after recovery.
Having antibodies might provide some protection from getting infected again.
However, we do not know how much or how long protection from antibodies lasts.
Antibody tests require a blood sample.
Antibody tests
If you test positive with an antibody test, you should still get vaccinated and practice everyday preventive actions to continue to protect yourself from COVID-19.
Antibody tests
Vaccines provide protection against the virus that causes COVID-19. However, this protection may decrease over time. Booster shots can help maintain your immunity against COVID-19 and prevent serious illness.
2. When should I seek emergency medical attention?
Wear a mask that covers your nose and mouth when you interact with others
Treatment outside the hospital
CLICK PLAY TO HEAR FROM A PATIENT’S EXPERIENCE WITH COVID-19
00 mins 33 secs
3. Which treatments for COVID-19 are available inside the hospital?
Diagnostic tests
CONTINUE TO SURVEY
Diagnostic tests
Cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Fever or chills
Muscle or body aches
Loss of taste or smell
• Cancer
• Cardiovascular disease
• Chronic kidney disease
• Chronic liver disease
• Chronic lung disease
• Dementia
• Depression
• Diabetes (type 1 or 2)
• Down syndrome
• HIV infection
• Hypertension
• Immunosuppressive disease
• Immunosuppressive treatment
• Liver disease
• Medical-related technological dependence
1 Molecular tests, which detect genetic material (DNA or RNA) specific to the
virus. The most commonly used molecular test is called PCR.
Depending on the specific test, a sample for a diagnostic test is usually collected from the nasopharynx (the part of the throat behind the nose), nose, throat, or saliva.
It may take several days to receive the results of molecular tests.
Molecular tests are generally very accurate.
• Neurodevelopmental disorders
• Obesity/overweight
• Older age (65 years and older)
• Organ transplant recipients
• People with disabilities
• Pregnancy
• Racial and ethnic minority groups
• Schizophrenia
• Sickle cell disease
• Smoking, current or former
• Stroke or cerebrovascular disease
• Substance use disorders
• Thalassemia
• Tuberculosis
• Other factors that increase risk of progression to COVID-19
2 Antigen tests, which detect proteins specific to the virus. Antigens are proteins specific to the virus that can stimulate the body's immune response. When a person is infected with the COVID-19 virus, antigens may be found in their nose and detected with antigen tests.
A sample for an antigen test is collected from the nasopharynx or nose.
Results of antigen tests may be very fast (15 to 30 minutes), depending on the test.
Positive results of antigen tests are usually accurate if the sample was collected correctly. However, false-positive results (where the test falsely says that you tested positive) can happen.
If you test negative for an antigen test, your healthcare provider may still recommend a PCR test to confirm the results.
Anti-inflammatory drugs
1. Which treatments for COVID-19 are available outside the hospital?
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/need-to-know.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fneed-extra-precautions%2Fgroups-at-higher-risk.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-disabilities.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/need-to-know.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/diy-cloth-face-coverings.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/social-distancing.html
https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/moderna-covid-19-vaccine
https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/vaccine-benefits.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/8-things.html
https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/moderna/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/pfizer/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/hcp/answering-questions.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/allergic-reaction.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fneed-extra-precautions%2Fgroups-at-higher-risk.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/direct-service-providers.html
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Under certain conditions, small respiratory droplets may linger in the air and infect people more than 6 feet away. This is more likely to occur:
• Within indoor spaces that don’t have adequate ventilation
• When the infected person is breathing heavily (while singing or exercising)
Vaccines
If you have any of the following medical conditions, you might be at increased risk of severe COVID-19:
Coronavirus Self-Checker
Nearest Community Health Center or Health Department
Information for People at Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19
COVID-19 Vaccines
COVID-19 Vaccination Considerations for Persons with Underlying Medical Conditions
National Infusion Center (NICA) Infusion Center Locator
Covid-frontline
Testing
CLICK PLAY TO HEAR FROM A PATIENT’S EXPERIENCE WITH COVID-19
Very unlikelyEndFragment
• Asthma (moderate-to-severe)
• Cerebrovascular disease,
such as stroke
• Cystic fibrosis
• High blood pressure
• Immunocompromised state
(weakened immune system) from
blood or bone marrow
transplant, immune deficiencies,
HIV, corticosteroids, or other
immune-weakening medicines
00 mins 43 secs
Thank you for submitting your survey answers!
• Neurologic conditions,
such as dementia
• Liver disease
• Overweight
• Lung fibrosis
• Thalassemia
• Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Useful links
A positive diagnostic test means you currently have the COVID-19 virus. In this case, you should:
1. Take care of yourself:
Glossary
CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
FDA, Food & Drug Administration
HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus
IV, Intravenous
mRNA, Messenger RNA
PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
PEG, Polyethylene glycol
RNA, Ribonucleic acid
S, Spike protein
3. How likely are you to recommend this interactive patient journey to your friends and family?
COVID-19 may also cause
• Fatigue
• Muscle or body aches
• Headache
• Loss of taste or smell
Anyone 18 years or older who received the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccines may get a booster.
You should get a booster if you:
• Sore throat
• Congestion or runny nose
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea
Very likelyEndFragment
• Received the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine and you are 50 years and older, or if you are 18 years
and older and live in a long-term care setting
• Received the Johnson & Johnson/Janssen vaccine and are 18 years and older
The booster should be received at least 6 months after receiving your second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines, or at least 2 months after the Johnson & Johnson/Janssen vaccine. You may receive any of the 3 available COVID-19 vaccines as a booster shot, regardless of the vaccine you initially received.
The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are
• Fever or chills • Cough
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Spreading the Coronavirus
You can’t get COVID-19 from the vaccine itself because it doesn’t contain the virus that causes
the illness.
Somewhat likelyEndFragment
Symptoms
Shortly after receiving the vaccine, some reactions (like fever) might develop. This is normal and a sign that your body is building immunity.
It usually takes 2 weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination. That’s why it is possible that you could still get sick with COVID-19 right after vaccination.
• Adenovirus vaccine containing DNA
• Authorized for emergency use
• 1 dose
• For individuals 18 years and older
• Available as booster shots for individuals 18 years and older
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Not sureEndFragment
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/statement-on-casirivimab-plus-imdevimab-eua/
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/statement-on-bamlanivimab-eua/
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-monoclonal-antibody-treatment-covid-19
https://www.fda.gov/media/143603/download
https://www.fda.gov/media/143892/download
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-monoclonal-antibodies-treatment-covid-19-0
CLICK PLAY TO HEAR FROM A OLDER PATIENT WITH MODERATE-TO-SEVERE COVID-19
Severity
00 mins 00 secs
People who are infected but don’t show any symptoms can also spread the virus. It’s possible to remain contagious for up to 10 days after testing positive.
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Protection
Avoid cruise and
non-essential air travel
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/antiviral-therapy/
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/214787Orig1s000lbl.pdf
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-covid-19
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/immune-based-therapy/blood-derived-products/convalescent-plasma/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/convalescent-plasma-therapy/about/pac-20486440#:~:text=Convalescent%20plasma%20(kon%2D,COVID%2D19)
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/fda-brief/fda-brief-fda-updates-emergency-use-authorization-covid-19-convalescent-plasma-reflect-new-data
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682792.html
https://www.fda.gov/media/143822/download
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/statement-on-baricitinib-eua/
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/immune-based-therapy/immunomodulators/corticosteroids/
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-drug-combination-treatment-covid-19
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/immune-based-therapy/immunomodulators/corticosteroids/
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2. Have you received or are planning to receive the COVID-19 vaccine?
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Antiviral drugs reduce the ability of the virus to multiply and help slow its spread throughout the body. Antiviral drugs are more likely to be helpful when they are given early in the course of the illness.
The antiviral drug remdesivir is the only drug approved by the FDA (October 2020) for the treatment of COVID-19.
Remdesivir is most helpful to patients who need supplemental oxygen and are in the hospital. It is given by IV infusion.
Remember to stay physically active and practice healthy habits to cope with stress:
Click arrow to continue to more information about Antibody tests
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html
https://nortonhealthcare.com/news/sick-in-bed-with-covid-19-heres-why-you-need-to-get-up/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/expert-answers/coronavirus-and-vitamin-d/faq-20493088
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/antiviral-therapy/
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/introduction/
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapeutic-management/
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/end-home-isolation.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation.html
CLICK PLAY TO HEAR FROM A YOUNGER PATIENT WITH MILD COVID-19
People with severe-to-critical COVID-19 or those who have a weak immune system may remain infectious for up to 20 days after symptoms first appear.
• mRNA vaccine
• FDA-approved for individuals 16 years of age and older
• Authorized for individuals 5 – 15 years of age
• 2 doses given 3 weeks apart
• Third dose authorized in some immunocompromised individuals
• Available as booster shots for individuals 18 years and older
An infected person can spread the COVID-19 virus as early as 2 days before showing any symptoms or testing positive for the virus.
People with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 may remain contagious for up to 10 days after symptoms first appear.
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html#Testing
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/covid-19-diagnostic-test/about/pac-20488900
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/quarantine.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html#anchor_1606159675413
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html#Testing
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/isolation.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html
https://nortonhealthcare.com/news/sick-in-bed-with-covid-19-heres-why-you-need-to-get-up/
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/quarantine.html
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html#Testing
https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/coronavirus-disease-2019-testing-basics
https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/treatments-for-covid-19
Learn more about how vaccines work with this augmented reality animation.
Ask your healthcare provider about telemedicine (video or phone) visits to reduce your risk of exposure to the COVID-19 virus.
Continue your medicines and do not change your treatment plan without talking to your healthcare provider first.
Keep at least a 30-day supply of your medications. Talk to your insurance company if needed.
Do not delay getting emergency care for your pre-existing medical conditions.
Talk with your healthcare provider about maintaining preventive services (like cancer screenings and routine vaccinations).
To provide a more accurate picture of how many people became ill with COVID-19 and the true fatality rate of the disease.
END OF ANIMATION
CLICK TO REPLAY ANIMATION
To provide information about whether people gain immunity after they get ill with COVID-19, and if so, how long that immunity lasts.
References
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/overview/clinical-spectrum/
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapeutic-management/
https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-treatment-and-management/
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html
• mRNA vaccine
• Authorized for emergency use
• For individuals 18 years and older
• 2 doses given 4 weeks apart
• Third dose authorized in some immunocompromised individuals
• Available as booster shots for individuals 18 years and older
Convalescent plasma therapy uses blood taken from donors who have recovered from COVID-19 in order to help others who currently have the illness.
The donated blood is processed to remove blood cells, leaving behind liquid (plasma) that may contain antibodies against the COVID-19 virus.
The plasma is then given via IV infusion to patients with severe COVID-19 to help boost their ability to fight the virus.
Convalescent plasma is most useful early in the disease and not for patients receiving mechanical ventilation.
Protecting Yourself After Exposure to the Virus
Most patients with COVID-19 recover completely within a few weeks, but new or ongoing symptoms can sometimes persist for weeks or months. These symptoms can develop in any person who has been infected, including those who had mild or no symptoms at first. These long-term effects of the virus are sometimes called long-haul COVID or chronic COVID. Some common symptoms include:
Antiviral drugs
There are many reasons to have an antibody test:
Monoclonal antibodies attach to parts of the COVID-19 virus and block it from entering your cells.
This helps the immune system respond more effectively to the virus.
Symptoms may appear anytime between 2 and 14 days after infection, but they usually develop within 5 days.
In some cases, older people and those with certain pre-existing medical conditions may have symptoms that are not typically seen in others. It may also take longer for fever and other symptoms to develop in these patients.
References will appear
Treatments for nonhospitalized patients
Glossary will appear
Antibody tests can help identify people who got infected and recovered from COVID-19. This includes people who had no symptoms, or had symptoms but could not or chose not to get tested, or had false-negative results.
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After vaccination, your cells use the instructions in the genetic material to make the spike protein. Your immune cells recognize the spike protein as foreign and create long-lasting memory cells. These memory cells will produce antibodies that quickly fight the virus if you are ever infected in the future.
In patients with severe COVID-19, the body’s immune system may overreact to the threat of the virus. This overreaction can worsen the illness and cause damage to the body’s organs and tissues. Anti-inflammatory drugs help reduce this overactive immune response.
The best way to prevent long-lasting COVID symptoms is to protect yourself against COVID-19 by getting vaccinated, wearing a mask, and social distancing.
2. What actions should I take to protect myself from becoming
sick with COVID-19?
Severe
• Difficulty breathing
• Tiredness or fatigue
• Symptoms that worsen after physical or mental activities
• Difficulty thinking (“brain fog”)
• Cough
• Chest or stomach pain
• Headache
• Fast, pounding heartbeat (heart palpitations)
• Joint or muscle pain
• Diarrhea
• Pins-and-needles feeling
• Sleep problems
• Fever
• Dizziness
• Rash
• Mood changes
• Change in ability to smell or taste
• Changes in menstrual cycles
Start enjoying a new hobby if you can
Pfizer-BioNTech
Each COVID-19 vaccine contains a small piece of the virus’s genetic material. The genetic material contains instructions that tell your cells how to build the spike protein.
Treatment by disease severity
Antiviral therapies for nonhospitalized patients
Moderna
Click arrow to continue to more information about Spreading the coronavirus
Three anti-inflammatory drugs (dexamethasone, baricitinib, and tocilizumab) are currently in use to treat COVID-19.
Take care of your
mental health
References will appear here
Learn more about patients’ personal experiences with COVID-19 and monoclonal antibody therapy in this video.
Anti-inflammatory drugs are given to patients who are hospitalized with severe COVID-19 and require oxygen therapy.
Johnson & Johnson/Janssen
Glossary will appear here
Take deep breaths, stretch, or meditate when stressed
Mouse-over each to learn more
People older than 65 years and those with certain pre-existing medical conditions are at higher risk for severe COVID-19, hospitalization, and death.
If you have any of the following medical conditions, you are at increased risk of severe COVID-19:
Large respiratory droplets may also fall onto surfaces. If people touch these contaminated surfaces and then touch their face, nose, or mouth, they may become infected. This, however, isn’t considered the main way the virus spreads.
Eat healthy food
Remdesivir
START JOURNEY
Severe or Critical
:
Patients with mild to moderate disease can recover at home and do not require hospitalization.
Monitor for changes in your symptoms and seek medical care if your symptoms become severe.
Common symptoms include:
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent COVID-19. However, if you are exposed to the virus, a treatment known as monoclonal antibodies may reduce your risk of developing COVID-19 symptoms or being hospitalized.
You may be eligible for monoclonal antibodies if you:
• Are at high-risk of developing severe COVID-19 AND
• Are not fully vaccinated or have a weakened immune system AND
• Have been in close contact with someone who has COVID-19 or live or work in
a high-risk setting (such as long-term care facilities or prisons)
Speak with your healthcare provider as soon as possible after exposure to see if you are eligible to receive monoclonal antibodies.
Patients with severe or critical symptoms require immediate medical care and hospitalization.
Report to your nearest emergency department if you experience any of the following symptoms:
Click arrow to continue to more information about diagnostic tests
Knowing the type of test you took is important to understand what your results mean.
If you test negative for a diagnostic test, you probably were not infected with the COVID-19 virus at the time your sample was collected.
This, however, does not mean you will not get sick or cannot spread the virus to others. You may have tested negative because the sample was collected too soon in the course of your infection. You might also have been exposed to the virus right after the sample was collected. That’s why you should continue to practice the recommended everyday preventive actions even if you test negative.
If symptoms appear after your test results came back negative, you might need another test to determine if you are infected. Contact your healthcare provider.
Information will appear here
CLICK A TOPIC TO LEARN MORE
Booster Shots
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Vaccines
Vaccines help your body develop immunity to the virus that causes COVID-19 without having to experience COVID-19. There are currently 3 approved or authorized COVID-19 vaccines in the United States. All of the vaccines are safe and effective in preventing serious illness from COVID-19.
Quarantine at home. Stay away from others, if possible. Wear a mask.
Seek support if you need help.
Watch for common symptoms of COVID-19, like fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Remember that in some cases, older people and those with pre-existing medical conditions may have symptoms that are not typically seen in others. It may also take longer for fever and other symptoms to develop in these individuals.
If you develop symptoms of COVID-19, contact your healthcare provider, and follow the recommended steps.
If you don’t develop symptoms of COVID-19 or test negative, check with your healthcare provider or local or state public health officials regarding when you can stop quarantining.
Quarantine is when someone who might have been exposed to a virus stays away from others. Isolation is when someone who is infected with a virus stays away from others (even in their home).
Click arrow to continue to more information about Symptoms
BEGIN
Click arrow to continue to more information about Severity
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682792.html
https://www.fda.gov/media/143822/download
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/statement-on-baricitinib-eua/
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/immune-based-therapy/immunomodulators/corticosteroids/
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-drug-combination-treatment-covid-19
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/immune-based-therapy/immunomodulators/corticosteroids/
When a virus spreads in a community, it makes copies of itself. Some of these new viruses have mistakes, or mutations, in their genetic material. A virus with 1 or more mutations is called a variant. The Delta variant is the most common variant in the United States. This variant spreads much faster than other variants and now makes up over 99% of infections in the United States. All approved or authorized vaccines are effective against the Delta variant and protect against severe illness, hospitalization, and death.
NEXT
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/mrna.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/8-things.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/how-they-work.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fvaccines%2Fabout-vaccines%2Fhow-they-work.html
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-takes-key-action-fight-against-covid-19-issuing-emergency-use-authorization-firs
If someone who has or may have COVID-19 is showing any of the following signs, they should seek emergency medical care immediately:
• Trouble breathing
• Persistent pain or pressure in the chest
• New confusion
• Inability to wake or stay awake
• Bluish lips or face
This list of emergency symptoms is not comprehensive! Seek emergency medical attention for any other symptoms that are severe or concerning to you.
When you call 911 or your local emergency facility, let them know that you are seeking care for someone who has or may have COVID-19.
Dexamethasone
&
Baricitnib
Most patients with COVID-19 recover completely within a few weeks, but new or ongoing symptoms can sometimes persist for weeks or months. These symptoms can develop in any person who has been infected, including those who had mild or no symptoms at first. These long-term effects of the virus are sometimes called long-haul COVID or chronic COVID. Some common symptoms include:
• Difficulty breathing• Tiredness or fatigue• Symptoms that worsen after physical or mental activities • Difficulty thinking (“brain fog”) • Cough • Chest or stomach pain • Headache • Fast, pounding heartbeat (heart palpitations) • Joint or muscle pain• Diarrhea
• Pins-and-needles feeling
• Sleep problems
• Fever
• Dizziness
• Rash
• Mood changes
• Change in ability to smell or taste
• Changes in menstrual cycles
The best way to prevent long-lasting COVID symptoms is to protect yourself against COVID-19 by getting vaccinated, wearing a mask, and social distancing.
OR CLICK HERE
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BACK
Both drugs are given to patients who are hospitalized with severe COVID-19.
Mild symptoms up to mild pneumonia
You may consider getting tested for COVID-19
if you:
• Have symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever,
cough, tiredness, or shortness of breath
• Don't have symptoms but had close contact
(less than 6 feet distance for 15 minutes or
more) with someone who has confirmed
COVID-19
• Have taken part in activities that put you at
higher risk for COVID-19 because you could not
maintain a safe distance from other people (eg,
travel, attending large social or mass gatherings,
or being in a crowded indoor setting)
• Were advised to get tested by your healthcare
provider or local or state health department
OR CLICK HERE
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Critical
Convalescent
plasma therapy
COVID-19 in People With
Pre-existing Medical Conditions
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• Isolate at home. Stay home, unless you need to
get medical care.
• Avoid contact with other people in your
household and pets as much as possible.
• If possible, stay in a separate room and use a
separate bathroom.
• Wear a mask that covers your nose and mouth
when you interact with others.
• Cover your coughs and sneezes.
• Clean your hands and surfaces you touch.
• Don’t share personal household items.
• Do not visit public areas. Avoid public
transportation, ride-sharing, or taxis.
• Tell people you have been in close contact with
that they may have been exposed to the
COVID-19 virus. Someone from the health
department may also call you. Answer their call
to help slow the spread of the virus!
mRNA Vaccines
CLICK HERE TO SKIP TUTORIAL
CONTINUE
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Monoclonal antibodies
Spreading the
Coronavirus
Treatment by Disease Severity
COVID-19 in People With
Pre-existing Medical Conditions
• Immunocompromised state
(weakened immune system) from
solid organ transplant
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Sickle cell disease
• Smoking
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Dexamthasone is given by mouth or by IV infusion.
• Cancer
• Chronic kidney disease
• COPD (chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease)
• Heart conditions, such as heart
failure, coronary artery disease,
or cardiomyopathies
Shortly after receiving the vaccine, some reactions (like fever) might develop. This is normal and a sign that your body is building immunity.
It usually takes 2 weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination. That’s why it is possible that you could still get sick with COVID-19 right after vaccination.
Two anti-inflammatory drugs (dexamethasone and baricitinib) are currently in use to treat COVID-19.
Consult with your healthcare provider to decide if testing is needed before you can be around others.
If you are generally healthy and had mild-to-moderate COVID-19, you may be able to be around others when:
• 10 days have passed since your symptoms first appeared and
• You’ve had 24 hours with no fever (without the use of fever-reducing medications) and
• Your other symptoms of COVID-19 are improving (please note that loss of taste and smell may persist for weeks or months after recovery and should not delay the end of isolation)
Patients with severe COVID-19 might need to isolate at home up to 20 days after symptoms first appeared.
Patients with a very weak immune system may need testing to determine when they can be around others.
Severe illness inside the hospital that requires supplemental oxygen
• Remdesivir alone
• Dexamethasone plus remdesivir
• Dexamethasone alone
2. Have you received or planning to receive the COVID-19 vaccine?
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fneed-extra-precautions%2Fgroups-at-higher-risk.html
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-long-term-effects/art-20490351
Depending on your specific situation, your healthcare provider will advise you on the best approach for your treatment.
Supplemental oxygen can help patients breathe. For the most severe cases, a ventilator may be necessary.
The antiviral drug remdesivir can be helpful for hospitalized patients who need supplemental oxygen.
The anti-inflammatory drugs baricitinib and dexamethasone can be helpful for hospitalized patients who need supplemental oxygen, including those who need a ventilator to breathe.
Convalescent plasma therapy may be helpful early in the course of illness for hospitalized patients who do not require mechanical ventilation.
If other complications of COVID-19 arise, additional treatments might be used, such as blood thinners to prevent or treat blood clots.
The FDA has issued emergency use authorizations for several monoclonal antibody therapies for COVID-19:
• Bamlanivimab (November 2020)
• Casirivimab plus imdevimab (November 2020)
• Bamlanivimab plus etesevimab (February 2021)
4. When can I go back to be around other people after I have had COVID-19?
Protecting Yourself After Exposure to the Virus
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/antiviral-therapy/
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/214787Orig1s000lbl.pdf
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-covid-19
There are many ways to combat the virus and its effects on the body. Early in the course of infection, COVID-19 is primarily driven by replication of the virus. In later stages (which tend to be more severe), the disease is primarily driven by the body's inflammatory response. Therefore, therapies that target the virus (eg, antiviral drugs, monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma therapy) are expected to be most helpful early in the course of illness. Anti-inflammatory drugs are likely to be more beneficial in later stages of COVID-19.
MENU
Vaccines provide protection against the virus that causes COVID-19. However, this protection may decrease over time. It is recommended that people receive a booster shot, or additional vaccine dose, if they were completely vaccinated and:
• Are 65 years or older
• Are 18 years or older with an underlying medical condition that increases the risk of developing severe COVID-19
• Are 18 years or older and live or work in a high-risk setting, such as a hospital or nursing home
2. What actions should I take to protect myself from becoming sick with COVID-19?
These antibodies are used to treat patients who have mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and are at high risk for severe illness (those older than 65 years or have certain pre-existing medical conditions).
Antibody therapies require a drug order (similar to a prescription) from a healthcare provider for eligible patients. The National Infusion Center Association (NICA) COVID-19 Locator Tool can help patients identify sites of care administering COVID-19 antibody therapies.
Baricitinib is an oral medication. It is given in combination with IV remdesivir. This combination was authorized for emergency use by the FDA in November 2020.
4. What should I do to avoid getting sick with other illnesses during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Yes! COVID-19 vaccines were tested in large clinical trials to make sure they met high safety and efficacy standards. Thousands of people volunteered to participate in these trials.
Two COVID-19 vaccines, one from Pfizer-BioNTech and another from Moderna, were authorized by the FDA for emergency use in December 2020. Both vaccines are given by injection into the arm and require two doses. The doses for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine are given 21 days apart. The doses for the Moderna vaccine are given 28 days apart.
It’s not clear yet how long immunity from COVID-19 vaccines last. It’s unknown how effective the vaccines are in people with weak immune system (immunocompromised). That’s why it is recommended to continue to practice everyday preventive actions even after vaccination.
Most people do not develop any serious adverse effects after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. The most common adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines are pain at the injection site, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, and fever.
• These reactions usually resolve in a few days after vaccination.
• They are more likely to develop after the second dose than the first one.
• They are also more likely to develop in younger than older people.
You shouldn’t get a COVID-19 vaccine if you have a history of a severe allergic reaction to polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.
If you had an allergic reaction to another vaccine or injectable medication in the past, ask your healthcare provider if you should get a COVID-19 vaccine. If you had an allergic reaction after getting the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, you should not get a second dose.
CONTINUE
TO TREATMENT
• Contact your healthcare provider. Call before
you visit their office!
• Keep track of your symptoms.
• If you have a mild illness, you may be able to
recover at home. Get rest and stay hydrated.
Take over-the-counter medicines, such as
acetaminophen, to help reduce your fever. Get
up, stretch, and breathe deeply as much as you
can. Take vitamin D if it is recommended.
• Seek emergency care if you have trouble
breathing or any other emergency warning
signs.
• Seek help with meals, household chores, home
repairs, personal care, or transportation to your
medical appointments and pharmacy.
Monoclonal
antibodies
Vaccines
Vaccines help your body develop immunity to the virus that causes COVID-19 without having to experience COVID-19. There are currently 3 approved or authorized COVID-19 vaccines in the United States. All of the vaccines are safe and effective in preventing serious illness from COVID-19.
Contact your healthcare provider to discuss the best treatment strategy for you.
If you have mild illness, you may be able to recover at home:
• Get rest and stay hydrated.
• Take over-the-counter medicines, such as acetaminophen, to help reduce your fever.
• Get up, stretch, and breathe deeply as much as you can.
• Take vitamin D if it is recommended.
Receiving monoclonal antibody therapy (bamlanivimab or casirivimab plus imdevimab or bamlanivimab plus etesevimab) can be helpful for people with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk for developing severe illness (those older than 65 years or have certain pre-existing medical conditions).
Antibody therapies require a drug order (similar to a prescription) from a healthcare provider for eligible patients. The National Infusion Center Association (NICA) COVID-19 Locator Tool can help patients identify sites of care administering COVID-19 antibody therapies.
Convalescent
plasma therapy
Mild-to-moderate illness outside the hospital
• Rest and supportive treatment for most patients
• Monoclonal antibodies for specific high-risk group
Each COVID-19 vaccine contains a small piece of the virus’s genetic material. The genetic material contains instructions that tell your cells how to build the spike protein.
How to use
Welcome
ProtectionKey Background InformationSymptomsSeveritySpreading the CoronavirusVaccinesVitamin DCommon Questions
TestingKey Background InformationDiagnostic testsAntibody testsCommon Questions
TreatmentKey Background InformationTreatment by Disease SeverityAntiviral drugsAnti-inflammatory drugsMonoclonal antibodiesConvalescent plasma therapyCommon Questions
Thank You
Practice everyday preventive actions to slow the spread of the virus:
• Wear a mask that covers your nose and
mouth when you interact with others
• Stay at least six feet away from people
who do not live with you
Critical illness inside the hospital
• Dexamethasone alone
• Dexamethasone plus remdesivir
• Baricitinib plus remdesivir
Symptoms may appear anytime between 2 and 14 days after infection, but they usually develop within 5 days.
In some cases, older people and those with certain pre-existing medical conditions may have symptoms that are not typically seen in others. It may also take longer for fever and other symptoms to develop in these patients.
Stay at least six feet away from people who do not live with you
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References
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/immune-based-therapy/blood-derived-products/convalescent-plasma/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/convalescent-plasma-therapy/about/pac-20486440#:~:text=Convalescent%20plasma%20(kon%2D,COVID%2D19)
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/fda-brief/fda-brief-fda-updates-emergency-use-authorization-covid-19-convalescent-plasma-reflect-new-data
Protecting Yourself
After Exposure
After vaccination, your cells use the instructions in the genetic material to make the spike protein. Your immune cells recognize the spike protein as foreign and create long-lasting memory cells. These memory cells will produce antibodies that quickly fight the virus if you are ever infected in the future.
Take care of your mental health
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• Antibiotics if bacterial pneumonia is strongly suspected
• Blood thinners to prevent or treat blood clots
• Other therapies for complications
You can’t get COVID-19 from the vaccine itself because it doesn’t contain the virus that causes the illness.
Shortness of breath, low blood oxygen level, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging
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An infected person can spread the COVID-19 virus as early as 2 days before showing any symptoms or testing positive for the virus.
People with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 may remain contagious for up to 10 days after symptoms first appear.
Be sure to have your silence off and volume up
References
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/adjunctive-therapy/vitamin-d/
https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/should-you-take-a-vitamin-d-supplement-during-the-covid-19-coronavirus-pandemic.h00-159385890.html
Respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan system failure
People older than 65 years and those with certain pre-existing medical conditions are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 than younger healthy people.
If you have any of the following medical conditions, you are at increased risk of severe COVID-19:
• Baricitinib plus remdesivir
• Antibiotics if bacterial pneumonia is strongly suspected
• Blood thinners to prevent blood clots
Coronavirus Self-Checker
Nearest Community Health Center or Health Department
Information for People at Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19
COVID-19 Vaccines
COVID-19 Vaccination Considerations for Persons with Underlying Medical Conditions
National Infusion Center (NICA) Infusion Center Locator
Covid Frontline
These antibodies are given outside the hospital by an IV infusion.
Under certain conditions, small respiratory droplets may linger in the air and infect people more than 6 feet away. This is more likely to occur:
• Within indoor spaces that don’t have adequate ventilation
• When the infected person is breathing heavily (while singing or exercising)
The COVID-19 virus spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets that travel into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, shouts, or sings. These respiratory droplets are then inhaled or land in the noses or mouths of people who are at a distance of 6 feet or less from the infected person.
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent COVID-19. However, if you are exposed to the virus, a treatment known as monoclonal antibodies may reduce your risk of developing COVID-19 symptoms or being hospitalized. You may be eligible for monoclonal antibodies if you:
• Are at high-risk of developing severe COVID-19 AND• Are not fully vaccinated or have a weakened immune system AND • Have been in close contact with someone who has COVID-19 or live or work in a high-risk setting (such as long-term care facilities or prisons)
Speak with your healthcare provider as soon as possible after exposure to see if you are eligible to receive monoclonal antibodies.
Treatment
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Severity