Common Questions
You may consider getting tested for COVID-19 if you:
• Have symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever, cough, tiredness,
or shortness of breath
• Don't have symptoms but had close contact (less than 6 feet distance for
15 minutes or more) with someone who has confirmed COVID-19
• Have taken part in activities that put you at higher risk for COVID-19
because you could not maintain a safe distance from other people
(eg, travel, attending large social or mass gatherings, or being in a crowded
indoor setting)
• Were advised to get tested by your healthcare provider or local or state
health department
Avoid crowds, especially within indoor spaces that have poor ventilation
• Contact your healthcare provider. Call before you visit their office!
• Keep track of your symptoms.
• If you have a mild illness, you may be able to recover at home. Get rest and
stay hydrated. Take over-the-counter medicines, such as acetaminophen,
to help reduce your fever. Get up, stretch, and breathe deeply as much as
you can. Take vitamin D if it is recommended.
• Seek emergency care if you have trouble breathing or any other
emergency warning signs.
• Seek help with meals, household chores, home repairs, personal care, or
transportation to your medical appointments and pharmacy.
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Key Background Information
2. Follow the recommended steps to prevent others from getting sick:
SCROLL
COVID-19 in People With Pre-existing Medical Conditions
Wash your hands often
• Isolate at home. Stay home, unless you need to get medical care.
• Avoid contact with other people in your household and pets as much
as possible.
• If possible, stay in a separate room and use a separate bathroom.
• Wear a mask that covers your nose and mouth when you interact
with others.
• Cover your coughs and sneezes.
• Clean your hands and surfaces you touch.
• Don’t share personal household items.
• Do not visit public areas. Avoid public transportation, ride-sharing, or taxis.
• Tell people you have been in close contact with that they may have been
exposed to the COVID-19 virus. Someone from the health department may
also call you. Answer their call to help slow the spread of the virus!
An Interactive Patient Journey
Vaccines
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CONTINUE TO
COMMON QUESTIONS
Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands
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KEY BACKGROUND INFORMATION WILL STILL BE AVAILABLE
Protection
NeutralEndFragment
YOU ARE HERE
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Clean and disinfect surfaces and things you touch often
Severity
SUBMIT YOUR SURVEY ANSWERS
1. How satisfied are you with the information in this interactive patient journey?
Stay at least six feet away from people who do not live with you
The COVID-19 virus spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets that travel into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, shouts, or sings. These respiratory droplets are then inhaled or land in the noses or mouths of people who are at a distance of six feet or less from the infected person.
Let Us Know What You Think!
COVID-19 can affect many organs, including the lungs, heart, and brain.
Critical illness inside the hospital
• Dexamethasone alone
• Dexamethasone plus remdesivir
• Baricitinib plus remdesivir
Diagnostic tests tell you if you currently have the COVID-19 virus and should then take steps to isolate yourself from others. Diagnostic tests cannot tell you if you were infected with the virus in the past.
There are two types of diagnostic tests:
Limit in-person contact with others, particularly when indoors
Treatment
3. What should I do if I test negative?
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REF
CLICK EACH BUTTON BELOW TO LEARN MORE
How long can an infected person spread the virus?
On its surface, the COVID-19 virus has a protein called the spike (S) protein.
Testing
The severity of COVID-19 ranges widely, from very mild or no symptoms to a severe or critical illness. A patient with severe COVID-19 may need hospitalization, intensive care, a ventilator to help them breathe, or may even die.
The risk for severe COVID-19 increases with age and certain pre-existing medical conditions. However, anyone can have severe COVID-19, and everyone with COVID-19 can spread the virus to other people.
Symptoms
CLICK TO CLOSE REFERENCES
References
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapeutic-management/
Treatment
4. When can I go back to be around other people after I have had COVID-19?
4. What should I do if I test positive?
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html#Testing
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/testing/diagnostic-testing.html
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/covid-19-diagnostic-test/about/pac-20488900
https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/coronavirus-disease-2019-testing-basics
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/resources/antigen-tests-guidelines.html#:~:text=Antigen%20tests%20are%20immunoassays%20that,extraction%20buffer%20or%20reagent
https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/treatments-for-covid-19
References
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20479963
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
1. When should I get tested for COVID-19?
mRNA Vaccines
The mRNA from the vaccine does not integrate into your genetic code or change your genes. After the instructions are read, the cell breaks down the mRNA and gets rid of it.
2. What should I do while I am waiting for the test results?
1. Am I at high risk for getting severe COVID-19? EndFragment
HELP
There are many ways to combat the virus and its effects on the body. Early in the course of infection, COVID-19 is primarily driven by replication of the virus. In later stages (which tend to be more severe), the disease is primarily driven by the body's inflammatory response. Therefore, therapies that target the virus (eg, antiviral drugs, monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma therapy) are expected to be most helpful early in the course of illness. Anti-inflammatory drugs are likely to be more beneficial in later stages of COVID-19.
Yes! COVID-19 vaccines were tested in large clinical trials to make sure they met high safety and efficacy standards. Thousands of people volunteered to participate in these trials.
Two COVID-19 vaccines, one from Pfizer-BioNTech and another from Moderna, were authorized by the FDA for emergency use in December 2020. Both vaccines are given by injection into the arm and require two doses. The doses for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine are given 21 days apart. The doses for the Moderna vaccine are given 28 days apart.
It’s not clear yet how long immunity from COVID-19 vaccines last. It’s unknown how effective the vaccines are in people with weak immune system (immunocompromised). That’s why it is recommended to continue to practice everyday preventive actions even after vaccination.
Most people do not develop any serious adverse effects after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. The most common adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines are pain at the injection site, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, and fever.
• These reactions usually resolve in a few days after vaccination.
• They are more likely to develop after the second dose than the first one.
• They are also more likely to develop in younger than older people.
You shouldn’t get a COVID-19 vaccine if you have a history of a severe allergic reaction to polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.
If you had an allergic reaction to another vaccine or injectable medication in the past, ask your healthcare provider if you should get a COVID-19 vaccine. If you had an allergic reaction after getting the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, you should not get a second dose.
Practice everyday preventive actions to slow the spread of the virus:
• Wear a mask that covers your nose and
mouth when you interact with others
• Stay at least six feet away from people
who do not live with you
A-Z
• Baricitinib plus remdesivir
• Antibiotics if bacterial pneumonia is strongly suspected
• Blood thinners to prevent blood clots
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/mrna.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/8-things.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/how-they-work.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fvaccines%2Fabout-vaccines%2Fhow-they-work.html
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-takes-key-action-fight-against-covid-19-issuing-emergency-use-authorization-firs
• Antibiotics if bacterial pneumonia is strongly suspected
• Blood thinners to prevent or treat blood clots
• Other therapies for complications
CLICK TO CLOSE GLOSSARY
Testing
00 mins 31 secs
Consult with your healthcare provider to decide if testing is needed before you can be around others.
If you are generally healthy and had mild-to-moderate COVID-19, you may be able to be around others when:
• 10 days have passed since your symptoms first appeared and
• You’ve had 24 hours with no fever (without the use of fever-reducing
medications) and
• Your other symptoms of COVID-19 are improving (please note that loss of
taste and smell may persist for weeks or months after recovery and should
not delay the end of isolation)
Patients with severe COVID-19 might need to isolate at home up to 20 days after symptoms first appeared.
Patients with a very weak immune system may need testing to determine when they can be around others.
Treatment
by Disease
Severity
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cloth-face-cover-guidance.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html
https://combatcovid.hhs.gov/ive-never-had-covid-19
https://health.ucdavis.edu/coronavirus/covid-19-transmission/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/flu-vs-covid19.htm#:~:text=Typically%2C%20a%20person%20develops,time%20range%20can%20vary.
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/contact-tracing.html
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause illnesses, such as the common cold and other more serious respiratory diseases. In 2019, a novel (new) coronavirus was identified. This new coronovirus is officially called SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). The disease this new virus causes is called COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019).
Click arrow to continue to more information about Treatment by disease severity
Click arrow to continue to more information about Monoclonal antibodies
Disclaimer: Information on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving.
For the latest public health information, please contact your healthcare provider or visit the CDC website.
Depending on your specific situation, your healthcare provider will advise you on the best approach for your treatment.
Supplemental oxygen can help patients breathe. For the most severe cases, a ventilator may be necessary.
The antiviral drug remdesivir can be helpful for hospitalized patients who need supplemental oxygen.
The anti-inflammatory drugs baricitinib and dexamethasone can be helpful for hospitalized patients who need supplemental oxygen, including those who need a ventilator to breathe.
Convalescent plasma therapy may be helpful early in the course of illness for hospitalized patients who do not require mechanical ventilation.
If other complications of COVID-19 arise, additional treatments might be used, such as blood thinners to prevent or treat blood clots.
Bamlanivimab
&
Casirivimab plus
Imdevimab
&
Bamlanivimab
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fneed-extra-precautions%2Fgroups-at-higher-risk.html
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-long-term-effects/art-20490351
Symptoms
CLICK PLAY TO HEAR FROM A PATIENT’S EXPERIENCE WITH COVID-19
Spreading the
Coronavirus
Antibody tests tell you if you were exposed to the COVID-19 virus in the past. Antibody tests cannot tell you if you currently have the virus.
If someone who has or may have COVID-19 is showing any of
the following signs, they should seek emergency medical
care immediately:
• Trouble breathing
• Persistent pain or pressure in the chest
• New confusion
• Inability to wake or stay awake
• Bluish lips or face
This list of emergency symptoms is not comprehensive! Seek emergency medical attention for any other symptoms that are severe or concerning to you.
When you call 911 or your local emergency facility, let them know that you are seeking care for someone who has or may have COVID-19.
Sharing the Caring: Recognizing irAEs
The FDA has issued emergency use authorizations for several monoclonal antibody therapies for COVID-19:
• Bamlanivimab (November 2020)
• Casirivimab plus imdevimab (November 2020)
• Bamlanivimab plus etesevimab (February 2021)
Antibody therapies are given to patients whose illness does not require hospitalization yet but may progress and become severe.
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/flu-vs-covid19.htm#:~:text=Typically%2C%20a%20person%20develops,time%20range%20can%20vary.
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html#anchor_1606159675413
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-long-term-effects/art-20490351
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20479963
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
These antibodies are given outside the hospital by an IV infusion.
Contact your healthcare provider to discuss the best treatment strategy for you.
If you have mild illness, you may be able to recover at home:
• Get rest and stay hydrated.
• Take over-the-counter medicines, such as acetaminophen, to help reduce
your fever.
• Get up, stretch, and breathe deeply as much as you can.
• Take vitamin D if it is recommended.
Receiving monoclonal antibody therapy (bamlanivimab or casirivimab plus imdevimab or bamlanivimab plus etesevimab) can be helpful for people with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk for developing severe illness (those older than 65 years or have certain pre-existing medical conditions).
Antibody therapies require a drug order (similar to a prescription) from a healthcare provider for eligible patients. The National Infusion Center Association (NICA) COVID-19 Locator Tool can help patients identify sites of care administering COVID-19 antibody therapies.
Antibody therapies should be given as soon as possible after testing positive for the virus and within 10 days of symptom onset.
Get tested for COVID-19 when necessary and know what to do with the results
Use technology (eg, laptop, mobile devices) to stay connected with friends and family
Learn ways in which to cope with COVID-19 if you become sick
Monoclonal
antibodies
Avoid watching too many news stories
Ongoing studies are investigating whether taking a vitamin D supplement can help prevent or treat COVID-19.
Talk to your healthcare provider and get your vitamin D level checked to determine if you need to take a supplement.
3. Are the COVID-19 vaccines safe and effective?
These antibodies are used to treat patients who have mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and are at high risk for severe illness (those older than 65 years or have certain pre-existing medical conditions).
Antibody therapies require a drug order (similar to a prescription) from a healthcare provider for eligible patients. The National Infusion Center Association (NICA) COVID-19 Locator Tool can help patients identify sites of care administering COVID-19 antibody therapies.
4. What should I do to avoid getting sick with other illnesses
during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Our body makes vitamin D when we are exposed to sunshine. If you’re staying inside more than usual during the pandemic, your vitamin D level may drop.
5. How can I cope with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Convalescent
plasma therapy
Mild to moderate
CLICK THE LINK ABOVE TO VIEW THE NICA COVID-19 LOCATOR TOOL. A NEW WINDOW WILL OPEN TO VIEW THIS PAGE. BE SURE TO RETURN TO THIS WINDOW TO CONTINUE WITH THIS EDUCATIONAL MODULE.
Consider outdoor activities where a distance from other people can be maintained, like walks in the neighborhood
Anti-inflammatory
drugs
Treatment inside the hospital
CLICK PLAY TO HEAR FROM A PATIENT’S EXPERIENCE WITH COVID-19
References
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/adjunctive-therapy/vitamin-d/
https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/should-you-take-a-vitamin-d-supplement-during-the-covid-19-coronavirus-pandemic.h00-159385890.html
00 mins 53 secs
CLICK EACH QUESTION TO VIEW ANSWERS
Protect yourself from getting sick with COVID-19 and other illnesses during the pandemic
Vitamin D
This web tool is best viewed on Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox. Free software downloads are available:
Progress will be lost if this educational module is closed, please do not close the module until it is completed.
Antiviral drugs
1. Get vaccinated (if possible).
2. Practice everyday preventive actions to slow the spread of the virus:
For the most updated information on testing availability in your local area, please contact your healthcare provider or visit your local or state health department websites.
Antibodies can take several days or weeks to develop after infection and may stay in your blood for a long time after recovery.
Having antibodies might provide some protection from getting infected again.
However, we do not know how much or how long protection from antibodies lasts.
Antibody tests require a blood sample.
Antibody tests
If you test positive with an antibody test, you should still get vaccinated and practice everyday preventive actions to continue to protect yourself from COVID-19.
Antibody tests
2. When should I seek emergency medical attention?
Wear a mask that covers your nose and mouth when you interact with others
Treatment outside the hospital
CLICK PLAY TO HEAR FROM A PATIENT’S EXPERIENCE WITH COVID-19
00 mins 33 secs
3. Which treatments for COVID-19 are available inside the hospital?
Diagnostic tests
CONTINUE TO SURVEY
Diagnostic tests
Cough, shortness of breath or diffculty breathing
Fever or chills
Muscle or body aches
Loss of taste or smell
• Cancer
• Chronic kidney disease
• COPD (chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease)
• Heart conditions, such as heart
failure, coronary artery disease,
or cardiomyopathies
1 Molecular tests, which detect genetic material (DNA or RNA) specific to the
virus. The most commonly used molecular test is called PCR.
Depending on the specific test, a sample for a diagnostic test is usually collected from the nasopharynx (the part of the throat behind the nose), nose, throat, or saliva.
It may take several days to receive the results of molecular tests.
Molecular tests are generally very accurate.
• Immunocompromised state
(weakened immune system) from
solid organ transplant
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Sickle cell disease
• Smoking
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
2 Antigen tests, which detect proteins specific to the virus. Antigens are proteins specific to the virus that can stimulate the body's immune response. When a person is infected with the COVID-19 virus, antigens specific to the virus may be found in their nose and detected with antigen tests.
A sample for an antigen test is collected from the nasopharynx or nose.
Results of antigen tests may be very fast (15 to 30 minutes), depending on the test.
Positive results of antigen tests are usually accurate if the sample was collected correctly. However, false-positive results (where the test falsely says that you tested positive) can happen.
If you test negative for an antigen test, your healthcare provider may still recommend a PCR test to confirm the results.
1. Which treatments for COVID-19 are available outside the hospital?
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/need-to-know.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fneed-extra-precautions%2Fgroups-at-higher-risk.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-disabilities.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/need-to-know.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/diy-cloth-face-coverings.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/social-distancing.html
https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/moderna-covid-19-vaccine
https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/vaccine-benefits.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/8-things.html
https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/moderna/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/pfizer/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/hcp/answering-questions.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/allergic-reaction.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fneed-extra-precautions%2Fgroups-at-higher-risk.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/direct-service-providers.html
UnlikelyEndFragment
Under certain conditions, small respiratory droplets may linger in the air and infect people more than 6 feet away. This is more likely to occur:
• Within indoor spaces that don’t have adequate ventilation
• When the infected person is breathing heavily (while singing or exercising)
Vaccines
If you have any of the following medical conditions, you might be at increased risk of severe COVID-19:
Coronavirus Self-Checker
Nearest Community Health Center or Health Department
Information for People at Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19
COVID-19 Vaccines
COVID-19 Vaccination Considerations for Persons with Underlying Medical Conditions
National Infusion Center (NICA) Infusion Center Locator
Covid-frontline
Testing
CLICK PLAY TO HEAR FROM A PATIENT’S EXPERIENCE WITH COVID-19
Very unlikelyEndFragment
• Asthma (moderate-to-severe)
• Cerebrovascular disease,
such as stroke
• Cystic fibrosis
• High blood pressure
• Immunocompromised state
(weakened immune system) from
blood or bone marrow
transplant, immune deficiencies,
HIV, corticosteroids, or other
immune-weakening medicines
00 mins 43 secs
Thank you for submitting your survey answers!
• Neurologic conditions,
such as dementia
• Liver disease
• Overweight
• Lung fibrosis
• Thalassemia
• Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Useful links
A positive diagnostic test means you currently have the COVID-19 virus. In this case, you should:
1. Take care of yourself:
Glossary
CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
FDA, Food & Drug Administration
HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus
IV, Intravenous
mRNA, Messenger RNA
PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
PEG, Polyethylene glycol
RNA, Ribonucleic acid
S, Spike protein
mRNA Vaccines
3. How likely are you to recommend this interactive patient journey to your friends and family?
COVID-19 may also cause
• Fatigue
• Muscle or body aches
• Headache
• Loss of taste or smell
Vitamin D
References
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/immune-based-therapy/blood-derived-products/convalescent-plasma/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/convalescent-plasma-therapy/about/pac-20486440#:~:text=Convalescent%20plasma%20(kon%2D,COVID%2D19)
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/fda-brief/fda-brief-fda-updates-emergency-use-authorization-covid-19-convalescent-plasma-reflect-new-data
• Sore throat
• Congestion or runny nose
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea
Very likelyEndFragment
The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are
• Fever or chills • Cough
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Spreading the Coronavirus
You can’t get COVID-19 from the vaccine itself because it doesn’t contain the virus that causes the illness.
Somewhat likelyEndFragment
Severe
Critical
Symptoms
Shortly after receiving the vaccine, some reactions (like fever) might develop. This is normal and a sign that your body is building immunity.
It usually takes several weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination. That’s why it is possible that you could still get sick with COVID-19 right after vaccination.
NoEndFragment
Mild-to-moderate illness outside the hospital
• Rest and supportive treatment for most patients
• Monoclonal antibodies for specific high-risk group
Severe illness inside the hospital that requires supplemental oxygen
• Remdesivir alone
• Dexamethasone plus remdesivir
• Dexamethasone alone
Not sureEndFragment
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/statement-on-casirivimab-plus-imdevimab-eua/
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/statement-on-bamlanivimab-eua/
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-monoclonal-antibody-treatment-covid-19
https://www.fda.gov/media/143603/download
https://www.fda.gov/media/143892/download
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-monoclonal-antibodies-treatment-covid-19-0
CLICK PLAY TO HEAR FROM A OLDER PATIENT WITH MODERATE-TO-SEVERE COVID-19
Severity
00 mins 00 secs
People who are infected but don’t show any symptoms can also spread the virus. It’s possible to remain contagious for up to 10 days after testing positive.
DissatisfiedEndFragment
Protection
Avoid cruise and
non-essential air travel
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/antiviral-therapy/
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/214787Orig1s000lbl.pdf
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-covid-19
Highly DissatisfiedEndFragment
2. Have you received or planning to receive the COVID-19 vaccine?
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682792.html
https://www.fda.gov/media/143822/download
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/statement-on-baricitinib-eua/
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/immune-based-therapy/immunomodulators/corticosteroids/
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-drug-combination-treatment-covid-19
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/immune-based-therapy/immunomodulators/corticosteroids/
YesEndFragment
Antiviral drugs reduce the ability of the virus to multiply and help slow its spread throughout the body. Antiviral drugs are more likely to be helpful when they are given early in the course of the illness.
The antiviral drug remdesivir is the only drug approved by the FDA (October 2020) for the treatment of COVID-19.
Remdesivir is most helpful to patients who need supplemental oxygen and are in the hospital. It is given by IV infusion.
Antiviral drugs
Remember to stay physically active and practice healthy habits to cope with stress:
Click arrow to continue to more information about Antibody tests
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html
https://nortonhealthcare.com/news/sick-in-bed-with-covid-19-heres-why-you-need-to-get-up/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/expert-answers/coronavirus-and-vitamin-d/faq-20493088
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/antiviral-therapy/
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/introduction/
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapeutic-management/
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/end-home-isolation.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation.html
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People with severe-to-critical COVID-19 or those who have a weak immune system may remain infectious for up to 20 days after symptoms first appear.
An infected person can spread the COVID-19 virus as early as 2 days before showing any symptoms or testing positive for the virus.
People with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 may remain contagious for up to 10 days after symptoms first appear.
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html#Testing
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/covid-19-diagnostic-test/about/pac-20488900
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/quarantine.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html#anchor_1606159675413
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html#Testing
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/isolation.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html
https://nortonhealthcare.com/news/sick-in-bed-with-covid-19-heres-why-you-need-to-get-up/
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/quarantine.html
References
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html#Testing
https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/coronavirus-disease-2019-testing-basics
https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/treatments-for-covid-19
Ask your healthcare provider about telemedicine (video or phone) visits to reduce your risk of exposure to the COVID-19 virus.
Continue your medicines and do not change your treatment plan without talking to your healthcare provider first.
Keep at least a 30-day supply of your medications. Talk to your insurance company if needed.
Do not delay getting emergency care for your pre-existing medical conditions.
Talk with your healthcare provider about maintaining preventive services (like cancer screenings and routine vaccinations).
To provide a more accurate picture of how many people became ill with COVID-19 and the true fatality rate of the disease.
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To provide information about whether people gain immunity after they get ill with COVID-19, and if so, how long that immunity lasts.
References
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/overview/clinical-spectrum/
https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapeutic-management/
https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-treatment-and-management/
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html
Convalescent plasma therapy uses blood taken from donors who have recovered from COVID-19 in order to help others who currently have the illness.
The donated blood is processed to remove blood cells, leaving behind liquid (plasma) that may contain antibodies against the COVID-19 virus.
The plasma is then given via IV infusion to patients with severe COVID-19 to help boost their ability to fight the virus.
Convalescent plasma is most useful early in the disease and not for patients receiving mechanical ventilation.
Most patients with COVID-19 recover completely within a few weeks, but symptoms can sometimes persist for months. Older people and those with certain pre-existing medical conditions are more likely to experience lingering symptoms. The most common COVID-19 symptoms that may linger are fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, joint pain, and chest pain.
Convalescent plasma therapy
There are many reasons to have an antibody test:
Monoclonal antibodies attach to parts of the COVID-19 virus and block it from entering your cells.
This helps the immune system respond more effectively to the virus.
Symptoms may appear anytime between 2 and 14 days after infection, but they usually develop within 5 days.
In some cases, older people and those with certain pre-existing medical conditions may have symptoms that are not typically seen in others. It may also take longer for fever and other symptoms to develop in these patients.
References will appear
Monoclonal antibodies
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Antibody tests can help identify people who got infected and recovered from COVID-19. This includes people who had no symptoms, or had symptoms but could not or chose not to get tested, or had false-negative results.
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After vaccination, your cells use the instructions in the mRNA to make the spike protein.
Then, your body recognizes the spike protein as foreign and builds immunity against it.
This immunity will allow your body to fight the COVID-19 virus if you get infected in the future.
Baricitinib is an oral medication. It is given in combination with IV remdesivir. This combination was authorized for emergency use by the FDA in November 2020.
In patients with severe COVID-19, the body’s immune system may overreact to the threat of the virus. This overreaction can worsen the illness and cause damage to the body’s organs and tissues. Anti-inflammatory drugs help reduce this overactive immune response.
2. What actions should I take to protect myself from becoming
sick with COVID-19?
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Remdesivir
Start enjoying a new hobby if you can
COVID-19 vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 are made of messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA contains instructions that tell your cells how to build the spike protein.
Dexamethasone
&
Baricitnib
Treatment by Disease Severity
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Dexamthasone is given by mouth or by IV infusion.
Two anti-inflammatory drugs (dexamethasone and baricitinib) are currently in use to treat COVID-19.
Take care of your
mental health
References will appear here
Both drugs are given to patients who are hospitalized with severe COVID-19.
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Take deep breaths, stretch, or meditate when stressed
Treatment
by Disease
Severity
People older than 65 years and those with certain pre-existing medical conditions are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 than younger healthy people.
If you have any of the following medical conditions, you are at increased risk of severe COVID-19:
Large respiratory droplets may also fall onto surfaces. If people touch these contaminated surfaces and then touch their face, nose, or mouth, they may become infected. This, however, isn’t considered the main way the virus spreads.
Eat healthy food
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:
Mild symptoms up to mild pneumonia
Vitamin D keeps your bones strong and supports your immune system.
Shortness of breath, low blood oxygen level, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging
Respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan system failure
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Knowing the type of test you took is important to understand what your results mean.
If you test negative for a diagnostic test, you probably were not infected with the COVID-19 virus at the time your sample was collected.
This, however, does not mean you will not get sick or cannot spread the virus to others. You may have tested negative because the sample was collected too soon in the course of your infection. You might also have been exposed to the virus right after the sample was collected. That’s why you should continue to practice the recommended everyday preventive actions even if you test negative.
If symptoms appear after your test results came back negative, you might need another test to determine if you are infected. Contact your healthcare provider.
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Vaccines
Vaccines help your body develop immunity to the COVID-19 virus without having to experience the illness itself. Many types of vaccines for COVID-19 are currently under investigation. As of January 2021, mRNA (messenger RNA) vaccines are the only type of COVID-19 vaccines authorized for emergency use by the FDA.
Quarantine at home. Stay away from others, if possible. Wear a mask.
Seek support if you need help.
Watch for common symptoms of COVID-19, like fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Remember that in some cases, older people and those with pre-existing medical conditions may have symptoms that are not typically seen in others. It may also take longer for fever and other symptoms to develop in these individuals.
If you develop symptoms of COVID-19, contact your healthcare provider, and follow the recommended steps.
If you don’t develop symptoms of COVID-19 or test negative, check with your healthcare provider or local or state public health officials regarding when you can stop quarantining.
Quarantine is when someone who might have been exposed to a virus stays away from others. Isolation is when someone who is infected with a virus stays away from others (even in their home).
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If someone who has or may have COVID-19 is showing any of the following signs, they should seek emergency medical care immediately:
• Trouble breathing
• Persistent pain or pressure in the chest
• New confusion
• Inability to wake or stay awake
• Bluish lips or face
This list of emergency symptoms is not comprehensive! Seek emergency medical attention for any other symptoms that are severe or concerning to you.
When you call 911 or your local emergency facility, let them know that you are seeking care for someone who has or may have COVID-19.
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You may consider getting tested for COVID-19
if you:
• Have symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever,
cough, tiredness, or shortness of breath
• Don't have symptoms but had close contact
(less than 6 feet distance for 15 minutes or
more) with someone who has confirmed
COVID-19
• Have taken part in activities that put you at
higher risk for COVID-19 because you could not
maintain a safe distance from other people (eg,
travel, attending large social or mass gatherings,
or being in a crowded indoor setting)
• Were advised to get tested by your healthcare
provider or local or state health department
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Convalescent
plasma therapy
COVID-19 in People With
Pre-existing Medical Conditions
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• Isolate at home. Stay home, unless you need to
get medical care.
• Avoid contact with other people in your
household and pets as much as possible.
• If possible, stay in a separate room and use a
separate bathroom.
• Wear a mask that covers your nose and mouth
when you interact with others.
• Cover your coughs and sneezes.
• Clean your hands and surfaces you touch.
• Don’t share personal household items.
• Do not visit public areas. Avoid public
transportation, ride-sharing, or taxis.
• Tell people you have been in close contact with
that they may have been exposed to the
COVID-19 virus. Someone from the health
department may also call you. Answer their call
to help slow the spread of the virus!
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Spreading the
Coronavirus
COVID-19 in People With
Pre-existing Medical Conditions
Shortly after receiving the vaccine, some reactions (like fever) might develop. This is normal and a sign that your body is building immunity.
It usually takes several weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination. That’s why it is possible that you could still get sick with COVID-19 right after vaccination.
Consult with your healthcare provider to decide if testing is needed before you can be around others.
If you are generally healthy and had mild-to-moderate COVID-19, you may be able to be around others when:
• 10 days have passed since your symptoms first appeared and
• You’ve had 24 hours with no fever (without the use of fever-reducing medications) and
• Your other symptoms of COVID-19 are improving (please note that loss of taste and smell may persist for weeks or months after recovery and should not delay the end of isolation)
Patients with severe COVID-19 might need to isolate at home up to 20 days after symptoms first appeared.
Patients with a very weak immune system may need testing to determine when they can be around others.
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2. What actions should I take to protect myself from becoming sick with COVID-19?
4. What should I do to avoid getting sick with other illnesses during the COVID-19 pandemic?
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• Contact your healthcare provider. Call before
you visit their office!
• Keep track of your symptoms.
• If you have a mild illness, you may be able to
recover at home. Get rest and stay hydrated.
Take over-the-counter medicines, such as
acetaminophen, to help reduce your fever. Get
up, stretch, and breathe deeply as much as you
can. Take vitamin D if it is recommended.
• Seek emergency care if you have trouble
breathing or any other emergency warning
signs.
• Seek help with meals, household chores, home
repairs, personal care, or transportation to your
medical appointments and pharmacy.
Contact your healthcare provider to discuss the best treatment strategy for you.
If you have mild illness, you may be able to recover at home:
• Get rest and stay hydrated.
• Take over-the-counter medicines, such as acetaminophen, to help reduce your fever.
• Get up, stretch, and breathe deeply as much as you can.
• Take vitamin D if it is recommended.
Receiving monoclonal antibody therapy (bamlanivimab or casirivimab plus imdevimab or bamlanivimab plus etesevimab) can be helpful for people with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk for developing severe illness (those older than 65 years or have certain pre-existing medical conditions).
Antibody therapies require a drug order (similar to a prescription) from a healthcare provider for eligible patients. The National Infusion Center Association (NICA) COVID-19 Locator Tool can help patients identify sites of care administering COVID-19 antibody therapies.
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ProtectionKey Background InformationSymptomsSeveritySpreading the CoronavirusVaccinesVitamin DCommon Questions
TestingKey Background InformationDiagnostic testsAntibody testsCommon Questions
TreatmentKey Background InformationTreatment by Disease SeverityAntiviral drugsAnti-inflammatory drugsMonoclonal antibodiesConvalescent plasma therapyCommon Questions
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Symptoms may appear anytime between 2 and 14 days after infection, but they usually develop within 5 days.
In some cases, older people and those with certain pre-existing medical conditions may have symptoms that are not typically seen in others. It may also take longer for fever and other symptoms to develop in these patients.
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Take care of your mental health
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An infected person can spread the COVID-19 virus as early as 2 days before showing any symptoms or testing positive for the virus.
People with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 may remain contagious for up to 10 days after symptoms first appear.
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Coronavirus Self-Checker
Nearest Community Health Center or Health Department
Information for People at Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19
COVID-19 Vaccines
COVID-19 Vaccination Considerations for Persons with Underlying Medical Conditions
National Infusion Center (NICA) Infusion Center Locator
Covid Frontline
Under certain conditions, small respiratory droplets may linger in the air and infect people more than 6 feet away. This is more likely to occur:
• Within indoor spaces that don’t have adequate ventilation
• When the infected person is breathing heavily (while singing or exercising)